• 55 million people die every year
  • 135 million people are born every year
  • 1.1% increase in global population

  • population doubles every 60 years at current rate

  • some of those 55 million deaths are caused by unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene
  • one method of disease classification (bradley classification)
    • water-borne
    • water-washed
    • water-based
    • water-related

water-borne diseases

  • caused by ingestion of water that has some pathogens in it
    • diarrheal diseases
    • rotavirus
    • cholera, shigella
    • cryptosporidiosis
    • hepatitis A and W
    • polio
  • intervention:
    • improve drinking water quality

water-washed diseases

  • caused by poor hygiene due to lack of water
    • trachoma
    • leading cause globally for blindness
    • transmitted by flies landing on peoples faces
    • acute respiratory infections
  • intervention:
    • increase water quantity
    • use clean water

water-based diseases

  • caused by parasites which live in water a part of their life cycle
    • schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
      • affects 160 million people
      • mostly is sub-saharan africa
    • dracunculiasis (guinea worm)
      • confined to four countries mostly in south sudan
  • intervention:
    • target aquatic organism host
    • protect surface water bodies
  • caused by insects that breed in water
    • malaria
    • dengue fever

  • mosquitoes are the main source of these diseases

  • intervention:
    • remove mosquito habitat

perspective

  • lower respiratory infections cause the most deaths per years
    • in disease related deaths
    • pneumonia
  • then followed by
    • diarrheal diseases
    • tuberculosis
    • malaria
    • measels
  • so diahheral diseases is the major killer among water-borne diseases
    • main cause of worldwise child mortality
    • kills 1000 children everyday
    • second only to respiratory infection diseases
    • 56% of these deaths are attributed to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene

household water treatment and storage methods

  • reduces water borne diseases
  • not useful for water-washed, water-related and water-based diseases